Critical Minerals - Intergovernmental Forum
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Critical Minerals

The global energy and digital transitions are expected to sharply increase demand for critical minerals for related technologies and infrastructure, providing a window of opportunity for sustainable socio-economic development. At the same time, the shift away from fossil fuel-based energy will offer governance challenges in many countries, including nations hosting new and expanding mining operations to extract these minerals. Beyond mining countries, this transformation will have major implications for any country participating in critical minerals supply chains.

Strategic Positioning in Critical Minerals Supply Chains

We support our members in building and contributing to resilient critical minerals supply chains in line with their national objectives, regional priorities, and international initiatives.

The Energy Transition’s Raw Truth: Mining’s role in a sustainable future

These discussion highlights cover big questions around skills, employment, local economic benefits, and social inclusion in the mining sector. Featuring insights from the IGF’s Isabelle Ramdoo and Ege Tekinbas alongside Quadrature Climate Foundation’s Ruwa Matsika, and moderated by Tracey Cooper.

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What Makes Minerals And Metals ‘Critical’? A practical guide for governments on building resilient supply chains

This practical guide provides a series of questions that may guide governments when considering the design of strategic policies and roadmaps with respect to minerals and metals they produce and/ or need for resilient industrial supply chains.

Where Will the Minerals Come From?

As demand for critical minerals rises, so do concerns about supply shortfalls, which could undermine the energy transition. The supply question is closely linked to both geology and technological advancements, which will shape demand levels for specific minerals and the potential for countries that host those deposits to supply the minerals. To bridge the supply gap, diverse sources will need to be explored in the short and medium terms, including artisanal, small-, and large-scale mining; reprocessing mine waste and tailings; and recycling end-use products.

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Searching for Critical Minerals? How metals are produced and associated together

For policy-makers it is important to understanding how metals are produced and are associated together in mineral deposits and mining operations. This technical brief provides an overview and highlights some challenges that may be encountered in the search for minerals that are critical for the energy transition.

How will benefits be shared?

The financial, economic, and social benefits of mining are vital for resource-rich developing countries. If critical mineral supply chains are to be resilient and inclusive, these countries must fully benefit from mineral extraction.

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Financial Benefit-Sharing Issues for Critical Minerals: Challenges and opportunities for producing countries

Are current fiscal approaches and policies aligned with national strategies, including ensuring that mineral-rich developing countries collect an appropriate share of the financial benefits from critical minerals value chains? If not, what needs to change?

Working with regional partners

In addition to engaging directly with member countries, the IGF works with key regional organizations on critical minerals, including the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Mines Ministries of the Americas Conference, and the Organisation of the African, Caribbean, and Pacific States.

Member consultation on critical minerals

We held a series of consultations in 2023 with members to better understand their national priorities, involvement in regional initiatives, and viewpoints on global responsibilities with respect to critical minerals. These consultations yielded important insights and perspectives from producing and developing countries—that are often missing from global policy discussions— and are shaping the IGF’s work with governments on critical minerals.

Critical Minerals Resources

Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining of Critical Minerals

Examining the potential for ASM to take an expanded role in meeting critical mineral demand driven by the adoption of…

What Makes Minerals and Metals ‘Critical’? A practical guide for governments on building resilient supply chains

A guide for governments on defining what should be considered as “strategic” or “critical” based on a series of objective criteria.

Financial Benefit-Sharing Issues for Critical Minerals: Challenges and opportunities for producing countries

Do policy-makers need to rethink fiscal policies to ensure the financial benefits from critical minerals are shared fairly?

ASEAN-IGF Minerals Cooperation: Scoping study on critical minerals supply chains in ASEAN

IGF-ASEAN study exploring opportunities arising from rising demand for critical mineral and metals to fuels the energy and digital transitions.

Searching for Critical Minerals? How metals are produced and associated together

Detailing how most minerals considered critical for the energy transition and digital technologies are produced as co-products or by-products of…

A Brief Guide to Batteries

An overview of battery technology and related minerals for policy-makers and researchers working on the energy transition.  

The Impacts of Climate Change on the Mining Sector

This brief provides an overview of how climate change will affect the global mining sector.

Critical Minerals: A primer

A primer on critical minerals for policy-makers in resource-rich countries.

More on Critical Minerals

Variable Royalties for Mineral Price Volatility in the Energy Transition

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Financial Benefits from the Lithium Industry: Opportunities and challenges for Argentina

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2023 Mining and Sustainability Forum of the Americas

The event will focus on the emerging challenges and opportunities in the Americas related to the increasing demand for critical…

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The IGF and UNU-WIDER's sixth researchers’ seminar on Extractive Industries: Taxation and Revenues.

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Three Emerging Policy Trends for Critical Minerals in Latin America

Latin American countries host many of the resources needed for the energy transition and policy-makers in the region are already…

2021 Mining and Sustainability Forum of the Americas: Regional supply chains for critical minerals

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IEA-IGF Webinar | The Role of Critical Minerals in Clean Energy Transitions

In May 2021, the International Energy Agency (IEA) has issued a report, the Role of Critical Minerals in Clean Energy…